Anemias, Anesthesia, local, Aneurysmectomy, Angina, Angiography, Angioplasty, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Anemias:

 Anemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin (the component of red blood cells that delivers oxygen to tissues throughout the body).
Anesthesia, general: General anesthesia is the induction of a state of unconsciousness with the absence of pain sensation over the entire body, through the administration of anesthetic drugs. It is used during certain medical and surgical procedures.

Anesthesia, local: 

Local or regional anesthesia involves the injection or application of an anesthetic drug to a specific area of the body, as opposed to the entire body and brain as occurs during general anesthesia.

Aneurysmectomy: 

Aneurysmectomy is a surgical procedure performed to repair a weak area in the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the bcdy and the main blood vessel leading away from the heart.

Angina: 

Angina is pain, “discomfort,” or pressure localized in the chest that is caused by an insufficient supply of blood (isch¬emia) to the heart muscle. It is also sometimes characterized by a feeling of choking, suffocation, or crushing heaviness. This condition is also called angina pectoris. Often described as a muscle spasm and choking sensation, the term “angina” is used primarily to describe chest (thoracic) pain originating from insufficient oxygen to the heart muscle. An episode of angina is not an actual heart attack, but rather pain that results from the heart muscle temporarily receiving too little blood. This temporary condition may be the result of demanding activi¬ties such as exercise and does not necessarily indicate that the heart muscle is experiencing permanent damage. In fact, episodes of angina seldom cause permanent damage to heart muscle. Angina can be subdivided further into two categories: angina of effort and variant angina..

Angiography: 

Angiography is the x-ray study of the blood ves¬sels. An angiogram uses a radiopaque substance, or dye, to make the blood vessels visible under x-ray. Arteriography is a type of angiography that involves the study of the arteries.

Angioplasty: 

Angioplasty is a term describing a procedure used to widen vessels narrowed by stenoses or occlusions. There are various types of these procedures and their names are associated with the type of vessel entry and equipment used. For example, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) describes entry through the skin (percutaneous) and navigates to the area of the vessel of interest through the same vessel or one that communicates with it (transluminal). In the case of a procedure involving the coronary arteries, the point of entry could be the femoral artery in the groin and the cath- eter/guidewire system is passed through the aorta to the heart and the origin of the coronary arteries at the base of the aorta just outside the aortic valve.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: 

Angiotensin-convert-ing enzyme inhibitors (also called ACE inhibitors) are medicines that block the conversion of the chemical angiotensin I to a sub¬stance that increases salt and water retention in the body.